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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0049, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387974

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the cost-utility of the iStent inject® for the treatment of mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Methods A Markov model was developed, in which the effectiveness outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER: R$ / QALY quality-adjusted life-year). Direct medical costs were obtained from the SUS perspective. The base case comprised of a hypothetical cohort of patients with OAG using topical medication and being managed according to the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT) and a real-world setting based on data from Datasus. The model's robustness through sensitivity analyses was tested. Results In the PCDT base case setting, the trabecular micro-bypass implant provided gains of 0.47 QALYs and an ICER of R$7,996.66/QALY compared to treatment with topical medication. In the real-world setting based on data from Datasus, the trabecular micro-bypass implant, provided gains of 0.47 QALYs and an ICER of R$4,485.68/QALY compared to treatment with topical medication. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Incorporating iStent inject® to SUS provides an improvement in the patient's quality of life with an additional cost that warrants the benefit provided to patients. Results may be considered cost-effective compared to topical medication.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a relação custo-utilidade do iStent inject® para o tratamento do glaucoma de ângulo aberto leve a moderado no Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos Foi desenvolvido um modelo de Markov, no qual a medida de resultado de efetividade foi a razão custo-efetividade incremental (razão de custo-efetividade incremental: R$/ano de vida ajustado pela qualidade). Os custos médicos diretos foram obtidos por meio da perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde. O caso base foi composto de uma coorte hipotética de pacientes com glaucoma de ângulo aberto em uso de medicação tópica tratados de acordo com o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas e um cenário do mundo real baseado em dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foi testada a robustez do modelo por meio de análises de sensibilidade. Resultados No cenário base do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas, o implante trabecular micro-bypass proporcionou ganhos de 0,47 ano de vida ajustado pela qualidade e razão de custo-efetividade incremental de R$7.996,66/ano de vida ajustado pela qualidade em relação ao tratamento com medicação tópica. No cenário real baseado em dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, o implante trabecular proporcionou ganhos de 0,47 ano de vida ajustado pela qualidade e razão de custo-efetividade incremental de R$ 4.485,68/ano de vida ajustado pela qualidade em relação ao tratamento com medicação tópica. Os resultados foram robustos para análises de sensibilidade. Conclusão A incorporação do iStent inject® ao Sistema Único de Saúde proporciona melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente com um custo adicional que garante o benefício proporcionado a eles. Os resultados podem ser considerados custo-efetivos em comparação com a medicação tópica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Unified Health System , Stents/economics , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis , Trabeculectomy/economics , Visual Fields/physiology , Markov Chains , Health Care Costs , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Intraocular Pressure/physiology
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(3): 1001-1012, mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153847

ABSTRACT

Resumo A resposta americana à pandemia envolve um proeminente volume de recursos federais, em especial destinados ao desenvolvimento e aquisição de produtos no uso interno, como diagnósticos ou vacinas. As justificativas para esse desembolso se baseiam em mecanismos de investimentos e aspectos históricos. Assim, a construção social do nacionalismo na formação na sociedade americana prejudica o acesso a tecnologias em saúde. A revisão desses aspectos demonstra como os Estados Unidos (EUA) garantiram compra de grande quantitativo de produtos em potencial, inclusive assegurando excessiva produção local. Essa política externa unilateral tem influenciado outros países ou blocos regionais e prejudicado a cooperação e a solidariedade global com impacto na saúde coletiva de diversas nações.


Abstract The American response to the pandemic involves a prominent volume of federal resources, especially for developing and acquiring products for internal use, such as diagnostics or vaccines. Investment mechanisms and historical aspects justify this expenditure. Thus, the social construction of nationalism in American society hinders access to health technologies. The review of such aspects shows how the United States (U.S.) secured a large number of potential products, ensuring excessive local production. This unilateral foreign policy has influenced other countries or regional blocs and undermined global cooperation and solidarity, affecting the collective health of several nations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Global Health , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , International Cooperation , Political Systems , United States/epidemiology , United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/economics , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Costs and Cost Analysis , Resource Allocation/economics , Resource Allocation/methods , Developing Countries , Diffusion of Innovation , Economics , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Accessibility
3.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 24: e190840, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101223

ABSTRACT

Sob a égide do movimento de retomada da política de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), este estudo deu voz a atores que a promovem, no intuito de compreender os fatores que favoreceram ou dificultaram a sua implementação. Por meio de um grupo focal com 14 informantes-chave, evidenciou-se que o repasse de recursos e os espaços colegiados são elementos que favorecem a implementação da política e precisam ser assegurados. Ao mesmo tempo, o desalinhamento conceitual acerca do que seja EPS e a fragmentação das ações e das áreas que compõem a política são desafios que precisam ser superados. Recolocar a política de Educação Permanente como prioritária na agenda da Educação em Saúde é o fator mais importante e ao mesmo tempo mais desafiador para a sua implementação.(AU)


Bajo la cúpula del movimiento de retomada de la política de Educación Permanente en Salud (EPS), este estudio dio voz a los actores que la promueven con el objetivo de comprender los factores que favorecieron o dificultaron su implementación. Por medio de un grupo focal con 14 informantes clave quedó claro que el traspaso de recursos y los espacios colegiados son elementos que favorecen la implementación de la política y que hay que asegurar. Al mismo tiempo, el desalineamiento conceptual sobre lo que sería la EPS y la fragmentación de las acciones y de las áreas que componen la política son retos por superar. Replantear la política de Educación Permanente como prioritaria en la agenda de la Educación en Salud es el factor más importante y al mismo tiempo más desafiador para su implementación.(AU)


Under the aegis of the restarting movement of the policy of Permanent Education in Health (CEH), this study gives voice to the actors that promote it, in order to understand the factors that favored or hindered its implementation. Through a focus group of 14 key informants, it was evidenced that the transfer of resources and collegiate spaces are elements that favor the implementation of the policy and need to be ensured. At the same time, challenges that need to be overcome are the conceptual misalignment of what CEH is and the fragmentation of policy actions and areas. Putting Permanent Education policy as a priority on the Health Education agenda is the most important and, at the same time, the most challenging factor for its implementation.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Systems/economics , Education, Continuing/standards , Brazil , Health Workforce , Health Resources/economics
4.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 37(4): 460-465, oct.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888490

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. Las metas globales para controlar la epidemia de HIV contemplan que la carga viral sea indetectable en 90 % de las personas en tratamiento. El costo de la medición de la carga viral en lotes de muestras puede reducirse y, así, aumentar la cobertura cuando los recursos son limitados; sin embargo, su eficacia disminuye al aumentar la prevalencia del fracaso del tratamiento antirretroviral. Objetivo. Evaluar estrategias para disminuir la proporción de pacientes con fracaso del tratamiento antirretroviral en los lotes de muestras y, de esta manera, aumentar el ahorro en las pruebas de carga viral. Materiales y métodos. Las estrategias evaluadas fueron: a) la organización de los lotes de muestras según el esquema de tratamiento antirretroviral, y b) la exclusión de aquellos pacientes con antecedente reciente de fracaso del tratamiento antirretroviral, aquellos con menos de 12 meses de tratamiento antirretroviral y aquellos sin tratamiento antirretroviral previo. Los resultados de los lotes se compararon con los resultados individuales. Resultados. El valor diagnóstico negativo fue similar para los pacientes con esquema de primera línea (100,0 %; IC95% 99,5-100,0) o de segunda línea de tratamiento (99,4 %; IC95% 96,9-99,9). La incidencia del fracaso del tratamiento antirretroviral fue menor en los pacientes con tratamiento de primera línea (p<0,01), lo cual permitió un mayor ahorro en las pruebas de laboratorio en este grupo (74,0 %; IC95% 71,0-76,7) que en los pacientes con tratamiento de segunda línea (50,9 %; IC95% 44,4-57,3) (p<0,01). Conclusión. La selección de las muestras que se incluyeron en los lotes para determinar la carga viral del HIV según el tipo de esquema de tratamiento, permitió maximizar el porcentaje de ahorro en pruebas de laboratorio.


Abstract Introduction: HIV viral load testing is a key factor to evaluate the accomplishment of the UNAIDS target of 90% of viral suppression among people receiving antiretroviral therapy. Pooled samples are a potentially accurate and economic approach in resource-constrained settings, but efficiency can be negatively affected by high prevalence rates of virological failure. Objective: Strategies were assessed to increase the relative efficiency of pooled HIV viral load testing in resource-constrained settings. Materials and methods: We evaluated two strategies: a) plasma samples were not included in pools if patients had <12 months on antiretroviral therapy, patients had previous viral load >1,000 copies/ml, or were antiretroviral therapy naïve patients, and b) plasma pools were organized separately for first and second-line antiretroviral therapy regimens. Individual viral load tests were used to compare pooled results. Results: Negative predictive values were similar for patients on first (100.0%; 95% CI 99.5 to 100.0) and second-line antiretroviral therapy regimens (99.4%; 95% CI 96.9 to 99.9). However, the incidence of virological failure among individuals on first-line antiretroviral therapy was lower than second-line antiretroviral therapypatients (p <0.01), resulting in greater savings in laboratory tests in patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy (74.0%; 95% CI 71.0 to 76.7) compared with the group of patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy (50.9%; 95% CI 44.4 to 57.3) (p<0.01). Conclusion: Selecting the samples to be included in the pools and selecting the pools according to ART regimens are criteria that could lead to decreased spending on laboratory tests for HIV viral load determination in resource-constrained settings.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Specimen Handling/methods , Viremia/blood , HIV Infections/blood , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Viral Load/economics , Cost Control/methods , Health Resources/economics , Specimen Handling/economics , Viremia/economics , Viremia/drug therapy , RNA, Viral/blood , HIV Infections/economics , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , Treatment Failure , Patient Selection , Viral Load/methods , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Drug Resistance, Viral , Anti-Retroviral Agents/classification , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Developing Countries , Guatemala
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(4): 600-603, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770503

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the financial resources and investments provided for preventive medicine programs by health insurance companies of all kinds. Methods Data were collected from 30 large health insurance companies, with over 100 thousand individuals recorded, and registered at the Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Results It was possible to identify the percentage of participants of the programs in relation to the total number of beneficiaries of the health insurance companies, the prevention and promotion actions held in preventive medicine programs, the inclusion criteria for the programs, as well as the evaluation of human resources and organizational structure of the preventive medicine programs. Conclusion Most of the respondents (46.7%) invested more than US$ 50,000.00 in preventive medicine program, while 26.7% invested more than US$ 500,000.00. The remaining, about 20%, invested less than US$ 50,000.00, and 3.3% did not report the value applied.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os recursos financeiros e os investimentos disponibilizados para os programas de medicina preventiva em operadoras de saúde suplementar de todos os tipos. Métodos Foram levantados dados referentes a 30 operadoras de saúde registradas na Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar, de grande porte, com registro acima de 100 mil vidas. Resultados Foi possível identificar o porcentual de participantes dos programas em relação ao número total de beneficiários da operadora, as ações de prevenção e promoção realizadas nos programas de medicina preventiva, os critérios de inclusão nos programas, bem como a avaliação dos recursos humanos e da estrutura organizacional dos programas de medicina preventiva pesquisadas. Conclusão A maior parte dos pesquisados (46,7%) investiu mais de US$ 50,000.00 no programa de medicina preventiva, enquanto 26,7% investiram mais de US$ 500,000.00. Os restantes, cerca de 20%, investiram menos de US$ 50,000.00 e 3,3% não informaram o valor aplicado.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Preventive Medicine/organization & administration , Private Sector/organization & administration , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/economics , Insurance, Health/classification , Program Evaluation/economics , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 41(4)oct.-dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-771185

ABSTRACT

El 20 de mayo de 2015, en la Gaceta Oficial No. 17, extraordinaria, el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba presentó la Resolución No. 38 que tiene en su primer resuelvo y transcribo: Reconocer a la Medicina Natural y Tradicional (MNT) como especialidad médica, integradora y holística de los problemas de salud, emplea métodos para la promoción de salud, prevención de enfermedades, su diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación a partir de los sistemas médicos tradicionales y otras modalidades terapéuticas que se integran entre sí y con los tratamientos convencionales de la Medicina Occidental Moderna. Esta resolución, que viene a sustituir una anterior de similar contenido, la 261 del 24 de agosto de 2009,2 ha revitalizado el debate académico sobre este particular en el contexto cubano. De todo lo escrito y con vehemencia discutido por los que se oponen y los que defiende las citadas resoluciones y sus implicaciones para el sistema de salud cubano (disponibles en el sitio de la Revista Cubana de Salud Pública* parece estar claro que el desarrollo de la medicina natural y tradicional es política del gobierno cubano. El Lineamiento 158 de la política del Estado, emitido en abril de 2011 como resultado del VI Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba,3 refiere: Prestar la máxima atención al desarrollo de la medicina natural y tradicional. El Ministerio de Salud Pública, por su parte, ha incluido el tema en sus objetivos de trabajo priorizados en función de la optimización del marco regulador para la medicina natural y tradicional en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). No obstante a ello, hay una consistente oposición en el ámbito académico a consagrar, en resoluciones oficiales, el uso de técnicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento fuertemente cuestionables por su no probada eficacia bajo la lupa de ensayos clínicos controlados. Todo cuesta, el sostenimiento humano y logístico de la medicina natural y tradicional implica, para cada técnica aprobada, una erogación de recursos que deben planificarse cuidadosamente. Tenemos un sistema de salud integrado y los esfuerzos por desarrollar la medicina natural y tradicional dentro del arsenal de herramientas para la promoción de salud, la prevención de enfermedades o complicaciones, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportunos son bienvenidos. El desafío es, garantizar la seguridad del paciente en cada acto médico y que los recursos, siempre limitados e insuficientes, se utilicen de la manera más racional posible a la luz de la mejor evidencia científica disponible(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Health Resources/economics , Medicine, Traditional/economics , Cuba
7.
Indian J Cancer ; 2014 Jan-Mar; 51(1): 69-72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154289

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can result in R0 resection in a substantial proportion of patients with technically unresectable oral cavity cancers. However, data regarding the efficacy and safety of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5 fluorouracil (TPF) NACT in our setting is lacking. The present audit was proposed to evaluate the toxicities encountered during administration of this regimen. It was hypothesized that TPF NACT would be considered feasible for routine administration if an average relative dose intensity (ARDI) of ≥0.90 or more in at least 70% of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Technically unresectable oral cancers with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS 0-2, with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma underwent two cycles of NACT with TPF regimen. Toxicity and response rates were noted following the CTCAE 4.03 and RECIST criteria. Descriptive analysis of completion rates (completing 2 cycles of planned chemotherapy with ARDI of 0.85 or more), reason for delay, toxicity, and response are presented. RESULTS: The NACT was completed by all patients. The number of subjects who completed all planned cycles of chemotherapy are with the ARDI of the delivered chemotherapy been equal to or >0.85 was 11 (91.67%). All toxicity inclusive Grade 3-5 toxicity was seen in 11 patients (91.67%). The response rate of chemotherapy was 83.33%. There were three complete response, seven partial response, and two stable disease seen post NACT in this study. CONCLUSION: Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5 fluorouracil regimen can be routinely administered at our center with the supportive care methods and precautionary methods used in our study.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/economics , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/economics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Follow-Up Studies , Health Resources/economics , Humans , Male , Maximum Tolerated Dose , Middle Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/economics , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Remission Induction , Rural Population , Taxoids/administration & dosage , Tertiary Care Centers , Treatment Outcome
8.
Indian J Cancer ; 2014 Jan-Mar; 51(1): 54-57
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154285

ABSTRACT

AIM: The study objectives were evaluation of clinicopathological characteristics, correlations between the preoperative and postoperative tumor grades, and their implications on lymph node metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 131 cases of endometrial cancer examined and treated at a tertiary regional cancer institute between the years 2003 and 2009. We reviewed the oncology database as well as the clinical records and surgico‑pathological registry of all these patients. STATISTICAL METHODS USED: All the summary measure computation and Chi‑square test for comparing more than one proportion was done in spreadsheet (Excel). RESULTS: The multiparity association with endometrial cancer was commonly seen 113/131 (86.2%). Twelve (9.7%) patients preoperatively diagnosed as Grade 1 tumors upgraded to Grade 3 changes in postoperative specimens and six of these 12 patients (50%) had lymph node metastasis. A total of 14/131 (10.6%) cases had lymph nodes metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a poor correlation between the preoperative and the postoperative tumor grades. Routine pelvic lymphadenectomy may be a valuable method in low‑risk cases and para‑aortic lymphadenectomy may be limited to high‑risk endometrial cancers.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Endometrial Neoplasms/economics , Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Health Resources/economics , Humans , Hysterectomy/economics , Lymph Node Excision/economics , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Prognosis , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies
9.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 34(5): 295-303, nov. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | RHS, LILACS | ID: lil-702108

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar prioridades de investigación en políticas y sistemas de salud relacionadas con los recursos humanos en países de América Latina y el Caribe. MÉTODOS: Se estructuró una encuesta virtual basada en una búsqueda en PubMed, biblioteca Cochrane y LILACS que aportaran preguntas de investigación previamente priorizadas. Los encuestados, principalmente investigadores y tomadores de decisiones, fueron identificados mediante diversas fuentes. La primera ronda fue dirigida a investigadores, buscando refinar y adicionar preguntas de investigación y priorizar aquellas que los investigadores consideraron como relevantes o muy relevantes. La segunda ronda fue dirigida a los investigadores y a los decisores. Cada pregunta se priorizó cuando el 50% (o más) de los encuestados la calificó como "relevante" o "muy relevante". RESULTADOS: En la primera ronda se enviaron 20 preguntas sobre recursos humanos y 33/66 investigadores respondieron. Se agregaron preguntas sugeridas por los investigadores, quedando finalmente 26 preguntas para la segunda ronda que fueron enviadas a 121 investigadores y decisores. La representación de los respondientes por países fue homogénea en ambas rondas. En la segunda ronda 14/26 (54%) preguntas fueron calificadas como muy relevantes; se priorizaron temas relacionados con la regulación del mercado, integración de la formación y las necesidades de atención, y distribución del recurso humano. La tasa de respuesta en la primera ronda fue de 50% (33/66) mientras que en la segunda fue de 34% (41/121). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este ejercicio proveen un punto de inicio en la movilización de recursos para la investigación en políticas y sistemas de salud. La identificación de prioridades de investigación en sistemas de salud es una estrategia eficaz y eficiente para reorientar los esfuerzos políticos y financieros, de gestión y de organización social para alcanzar la cobertura universal en salud.


OBJECTIVE: Identify priorities for health policy and systems research related to human resources in Latin America and Caribbean countries. METHODS: An online survey was designed based on a search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and LILACS that contributed previously prioritized research questions. Respondents, mainly researchers and decision-makers, were identified through various sources. The first round, directed at researchers, aimed at refining and adding research questions and prioritizing questions that researchers regarded as relevant or very relevant. The second round was directed at researchers and decision-makers. A question was considered a priority when 50% (or more) of respondents described it as "relevant" or "very relevant." RESULTS: The first round included 20 questions on human resources and 33/66 researchers responded. Questions suggested by the researchers were added, resulting in 26 questions for the second round, which were sent to 121 researchers and decision-makers. Respondent representation by country was uniform in both rounds. In the second round, 14/26 (54%) questions were described as very relevant. Priority issues related to regulation of the market, integration of education and health care needs, and distribution of human resources. The response rate was 50% in the first round (33/66), and 34% in the second round (41/121). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this exercise provide a starting point for mobilization of resources for health policy and systems research. Identification of health systems research priorities is an effective and efficient strategy for reorienting political, financial, management, and social organization efforts for attaining universal health coverage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Health Care Surveys , Health Policy , Health Priorities , Health Resources , Health Services Research , Caribbean Region , Health Facility Administrators/psychology , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Latin America , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , Research Personnel/psychology
10.
Rev. saúde pública ; 47(1): 128-136, Fev. 2013. mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-674852

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a construção de fator de alocação de recursos financeiros com base na necessidade em saúde da população. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, com dados coletados em bases de domínio público, referentes ao estado de Pernambuco nos anos entre 2000 e 2010. Foram selecionadas variáveis que refletissem os indicadores epidemiológicos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e educacionais para compor um fator de alocação que apontasse as necessidades de saúde da população. As fontes pesquisadas foram: Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde, Tesouro Nacional e dados da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco de 2000 a 2010, de acordo com a disponibilidade da informação mais recente. Foi realizada a correlação linear de Pearson e, para o cálculo do fator de alocação, a análise pelas Redes Neurais Artificiais. Os quartis dos municípios foram definidos segundo as necessidades em saúde. RESULTADOS: A distribuição apresentada aponta a Região Litorânea e boa parte da Região da Mata Norte e Sul e do Agreste Setentrional e Central situados no Quartil 1, este com o maior número de municípios. O Agreste Meridional teve municípios em todos os quartis. Na Região do Pajeú/Moxotó, grande parte dos municípios esteve no Quartil 1. Semelhante distribuição foi verificada no Sertão Central. No Araripe, a maioria dos municípios esteve nos Quartis 3 ou 4 e a Região do São Francisco ficou dividida entre os Quartis 1, 2 e 3. CONCLUSÕES: O fator de alocação agregou os municípios pernambucanos, por agrupar variáveis que são relacionadas com as necessidades em saúde da população, e separou os que possuem extremas necessidades de maior aporte financeiro daqueles que precisam com menor intensidade.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the construction of a factor of allocation of financial resources, based on the population's health needs. METHODS: Quantitative study with data collected from public databases referring to the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, between 2000 and 2010. Variables which reflected epidemiological, demographic, socio-economic and educational processes were selected in order to create a factor of allocation which highlighted the health needs of the population. The data sources were: SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System) Department of Computer Science, Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), Information System on Public Health Budgets, National Treasury and data from the Pernambuco Health Secretariat between 2000 and 2010. Pearson's coefficient was used to assess linear correlation and the factor of allocation was calculated using analysis by artificial neural networks. The quartiles of the municipalities were defined according to their health needs. RESULTS: The distribution shown here highlights that all the coastal region, a good part of the Mata Norte and Mata Sul regions and the Agreste Setentrional and Agreste Central regions are in Quartile 1, that which has the largest number of municipalities. The Agreste Meridional region had municipalities in all of the quartiles. In the Pajeú/Moxotó region, many of the municipalities were in Quartile 1. Similar distribution was verified in the Sertão Central region. In the Araripe region, the majority of the municipalities were in Quartiles 3 or 4 and the São Francisco region was divided between Quartiles 1, 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: The factor of allocation grouped together municipalities of Pernambuco according to variables related to public health needs and separated those with extreme needs, requiring greater financial support, from those with lesser needs.


OBJETIVO: Describir la construcción de factor de asignación de recursos financieros basándose en la necesidad en la salud de la población. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuantitativo, con datos colectados en bases de dominio público, referentes al estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, en los años entre 2000 y 2010. Se seleccionaron variables que reflejasen los indicadores epidemiológicos, demográficos, socioeconómicos y educacionales para componer un factor de asignación que señale las necesidades de salud de la población. Las fuentes investigadas fueron: Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud, el Atlas de Desarrollo Humano en Brasil, el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Presupuestos Públicos en Salud, el Tesoro Nacional y datos de la Secretaria Estatal de Salud de Pernambuco de 2000 a 2010, de acuerdo con la disponibilidad de la información más reciente. Se realizó la correlación linear de Pearson y para el cálculo del Factor de Asignación, el análisis por las redes neurales artificiales. Los cuartiles de los municipios fueron definidos según las necesidades en salud. RESULTADOS: La distribución presentada sitúa la Región Costera y buena parte de la Región de la Selva Norte y Sur y del Agreste Septentrional y Central, en el Cuartil 1, con el mayor número de municipios. El Agreste Meridional tuvo municipios en todos los cuartiles. En la Región de los ríos Pajeú/Moxotó, gran parte de los municipios estuvo en el Cuartil 1. Se verificó distribución semejante en el Sertón Central. En el Araripe, la mayoría de los municipios estuvo en los Cuartiles 3 o 4, y la Región de Sao Francisco se dividió entre los Cuartiles 1, 2 y 3. CONCLUSIONES: El factor de Asignación agregó los municipios pernambucanos, por agrupar variables que son relacionadas con las necesidades en salud de la población y separó los que poseen extremas necesidades de mayor aporte financiero de aquellos que lo precisan con menor intensidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Resources , Neural Networks, Computer , Resource Allocation/methods , Brazil , Decision Making , Equity in the Resource Allocation , Health Care Rationing/economics , Health Care Rationing/methods , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Information Systems , Resource Allocation/economics
11.
Cad. saúde pública ; 28(12): 2267-2279, dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-661154

ABSTRACT

O orçamento público brasileiro passou por mudanças na Constituição Federal de 1988. Instituíram-se mecanismos para integração das atividades de planejamento e orçamento, e definiram-se formas de participação do Poder Legislativo no processo orçamentário. As emendas parlamentares surgem nesse contexto. O artigo discute a participação das emendas no orçamento federal da saúde no período de 1997 a 2006, reunindo elementos para a análise dos mecanismos de financiamento e planejamento setorial. Verificou-se uma participação significativa das emendas no período, reunindo mais da metade dos recursos de investimento em alguns anos. A Região Norte destaca-se pelo aporte de recursos, indicando a necessidade de estudos que aprofundem a relação entre destino de emendas e coalizões político-partidárias. Conclui-se que as emendas não podem ser compreendidas apenas como um mecanismo de financiamento, mas também como um mecanismo da política, não estando submetidas obrigatoriamente à lógica do planejamento, o que reforça a necessidade de maior transparência do poder público na execução orçamentária.


The public budget in Brazil has undergone significant changes since enactment of the 1988 Federal Constitution. Mechanisms for integration of planning activities and budget execution have been created, and Legislative participation in budgeting has increased. Congressional amendments appeared in this context. The article discusses the participation of Congressional amendments in the Federal health budget from 1997 to 2006, combining elements for discussion of funding mechanisms and health planning. Such amendments played a significant role in the budget process, accounting for over half of health funds in some years. The North was the region of Brazil that received most resources resulting from Congressional amendments, suggesting the need for further studies on the relationship between the amendments' enforcement and political party coalitions. The article concludes that the amendments cannot be understood solely as a funding mechanism, but mainly as a political instrument, and that they are not necessarily subject to health planning logic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Resources/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Financing, Government/economics , Health Policy/economics , Health Resources/economics , Public Health/economics
12.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 65(6): 969-976, nov.-dez. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-669480

ABSTRACT

O gerenciamento de custos de materiais de consumo hospitalar é um tema atual em pesquisa, principalmente em unidades de saúde especializadas. Os enfermeiros são destacados como os principais gestores do consumo e custo de materiais hospitalares. Neste estudo, objetivou-se caracterizar unidades pediátricas semi-intensivas e intensivas de um hospital de ensino e verificar o consumo e os custos de materiais utilizados na assistência a pacientes internados nessas unidades. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa; os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar; analisados com base na classificação ABC. O gasto médio foi semelhante entre as UTIs cardiológica e neonatal e menor nas UTI e semi-intensiva pediátricas; houve variação significativa de consumo mensal de materiais; os materiais de maior custo tiveram mais impacto no orçamento das unidades estudadas. Os dados obtidos revelaram a importância do uso de método sistêmico de análise de consumo e gastos de materiais em unidades pediátricas e subsidiam ações administrativas de economia.


Cost management of hospital material resources is a trendy research topic, especially in specialized health units. Nurses are pointed out as the main managers for costs and consumption of hospital materials resources. This study aimed to characterize Pediatric Intensive and Semi-Intensive Care Units of a teaching hospital and investigate costs and consumption of material resources used to treat patients admitted to these units. This is a descriptive exploratory study with retrospective data and quantitative approach. Data were obtained from a Hospital Information System and analyzed according to the ABC classification. The average expenditures were similar in both the neonatal and cardiac units, and lower in Pediatric Intensive and Semi-Intensive care units. There was a significant variation in the monthly consumption of materials. Higher cost materials had a greater impact on the budget of the studied units. The data revealed the importance of using a systematic method for the analysis of materials consumption and expenditure in pediatric units. They subsidize administrative and economic actions.


La gestión de costos de materiales de consumo hospitalario es un tema actual en investigación, especialmente en unidades de salud especializadas. Los enfermeros son destacados como los principales gestores de consumo y costos de materiales hospitalarios. En este estudio, objetivó-se caracterizar Unidades Pediátricas de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) y Semi-intensiva de un hospital escuela e investigar el consumo y costo de materiales utilizados en la asistencia de pacientes ingresados en esas unidades. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, de abordaje cuantitativo. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria y analizados de acuerdo con la clasificación ABC. El gasto medio fue semejante entre las UTIs cardiológica y neonatal, y menor en las unidades de terapia intensiva y semi-intensiva pediátricas. Hubo variación significativa en el consumo mensual de materiales. Los materiales de mayor costo presentaron un mayor impacto en el presupuesto de las unidades estudiadas. Los datos revelan la importancia del uso de un método sistémico de análisis de consumo y gastos de materiales en unidades pediátricas y subsidian acciones administrativas de economía.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/economics , Costs and Cost Analysis , Retrospective Studies
13.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 34(4): 379-388, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662744

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating condition with a marked social impact. The impact of MDD and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD+) within the Brazilian health system is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to compare resource utilization and costs of care for treatment-resistant MDD relative to non-treatment-resistant depression (TRD-). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 212 patients who had been diagnosed with MDD according to the ICD-10 criteria. Specific criteria were used to identify patients with TRD+. Resource utilization was estimated, and the consumption of medication was annualized. We obtained information on medical visits, procedures, hospitalizations, emergency department visits and medication use related or not to MDD. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 90 TRD+ and 122 TRD- patients. TRD+ patients used significantly more resources from the psychiatric service, but not from non-psychiatric clinics, compared to TRD- patients. Furthermore, TRD+ patients were significantly more likely to require hospitalizations. Overall, TRD+ patients imposed significantly higher (81.5%) annual costs compared to TRD- patients (R$ 5,520.85; US$ 3,075.34 vs. R$ 3,042.14; US$ 1,694.60). These findings demonstrate the burden of MDD, and especially of TRD+ patients, to the tertiary public health system. Our study should raise awareness of the impact of TRD+ and should be considered by policy makers when implementing public mental health initiatives.


OBJETIVO: O Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) é uma condição debilitante com um forte impacto social. O impacto do TDM e Depressão Resistente ao Tratamento (DRT+) no sistema de saúde brasileiro é praticamente desconhecido. Nosso objetivo é comparar a utilização de recursos e custos dos cuidados para o tratamento de DRT+ em relação ao TDM não resistente (DRT-). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 212 pacientes diagnosticados com TDM segundo a CID-10. Critérios específicos foram utilizados para identificar pacientes com DRT+. A utilização dos recursos foi estimada e consumo de medicamentos foram anualizados. Foram obtidas informações sobre consultas, procedimentos, internações, atendimentos no serviço de emergência e uso de medicação relacionada ou não ao TDM. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta de 90 pacientes DRT+ e 122 DRT-. Pacientes DRT+ utilizaram significativamente mais recursos do serviço de psiquiatria, mas não em clínicas não psiquiátricas, em relação a DRT-. Eles eram significativamente mais propensos a exigir internações. Pacientes DRT+ apresentaram um custo direto anual significativamente maior (81,5%) do que pacientes com depressão não resistente (R$ 5.520,85; US$ 3.075,34 contra R$ 3.042,14, US$ 1.694,60). Estes resultados demonstram o impacto do TDM, principalmente da DRT+ ao sistema de saúde público terciário. Nosso estudo deve aumentar a sensibilização para o impacto da DRT + e deve ser considerado pelos formuladores de políticas públicas na implementação de iniciativas de saúde mental.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Depressive Disorder, Major/economics , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/economics , Health Care Costs , Health Resources/economics , Brazil , Costs and Cost Analysis , Health Resources , Hospitalization/economics , Length of Stay/economics , Retrospective Studies
14.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 32(1): 49-55, July 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDS | ID: lil-646452

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Brazil's public health surveillance system (HSS), identifying its core capacities, shortcomings, and limitations in dealing with public health emergencies, within the context of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). METHODS: In 2008-2009 an evaluative cross-sectional study was conducted using semistructured questionnaires administered to key informants (municipal, state, and national government officials) to assess Brazilian HSS structure (legal framework and resources) and surveillance and response procedures vis-à-vis compliance with the IHR (2005) requirements for management of public health emergencies of national and international concern. Evaluation criteria included the capacity to detect, assess, notify, investigate, intervene, and communicate. Responses were analyzed separately by level of government (municipal health departments, state health departments, and national Ministry of Health). RESULTS: Overall, at all three levels of government, Brazil's HSS has a well-established legal framework (including the essential technical regulations) and the infrastructure, supplies, materials, and mechanisms required for liaison and coordination. However, there are still some weaknesses at the state level, especially in land border areas and small towns. Professionals in the field need to be more familiar with the IHR 2005 Annex 2 decision tool (designed to increase sensitivity and consistency in the notification process). At the state and municipal level, the capacity to detect, assess, and notify is better than the capacity to investigate, intervene, and communicate. Surveillance activities are conducted 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in 40.7% of states and 35.5% of municipalities. There are shortcomings in organizational activities and methods, and in the process of hiring and training personnel. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the core capacities of Brazil's HSS are well established and fulfill most of the requisites listed in the IHR 2005 with respect to both structure and surveillance and response procedures, particularly at the national and state levels.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil, identificando sus capacidades básicas, deficiencias y limitaciones para manejar emergencias de salud pública, dentro del contexto del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI 2005). MÉTODOS: En el período 2008-2009 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal de evaluación utilizando cuestionarios semiestructurados administrados a informantes clave (funcionarios del gobierno municipal, estatal y nacional) a fin de evaluar la estructura del sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil (marco jurídico y recursos), y la vigilancia y los procedimientos de respuesta, con relación al cumplimiento de los requisitos del RSI 2005 para el manejo de emergencias de salud pública de importancia nacional e internacional. Los criterios de evaluación incluyeron la capacidad de detectar, evaluar, notificar, investigar, intervenir y comunicar. Las respuestas se analizaron por separado según el nivel gubernamental (departamentos de salud municipales y estatales y ministerio de salud nacional). RESULTADOS: En general, en los tres niveles del gobierno, el sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil tiene un marco jurídico bien establecido (incluidas las reglamentaciones técnicas esenciales) y la infraestructura, los suministros los materiales y los mecanismos requeridos para el enlace y la coordinación. Sin embargo, todavía hay algunos puntos débiles a nivel estatal, especialmente en las zonas fronterizas y los pueblos pequeños. Los profesionales de campo deben conocer más la herramienta de decisión del anexo 2 del RSI 2005 (diseñada para aumentar la sensibilidad y la consistencia del proceso de notificación). En el nivel estatal y municipal, la capacidad para detectar, evaluar y notificar es mejor que la capacidad para investigar, intervenir y comunicar. Las actividades de vigilancia se llevan a cabo 24 horas al día, 7 días a la semana, en 40,7% de los estados y 35,5% de los municipios. Existen deficiencias en las actividades de organización y los métodos, y en el proceso de contratación y capacitación del personal. CONCLUSIONES: En general, las capacidades básicas del sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil están bien establecidas y cumplen la mayoría de los requisitos enumerados en el RSI 2005, tanto con respecto a la estructura como a la vigilancia y los procedimientos de respuesta, en particular en los niveles nacional y estatal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health Surveillance , Brazil , Budgets/statistics & numerical data , Civil Defense/economics , Civil Defense/legislation & jurisprudence , Civil Defense/standards , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Outbreaks , Government Agencies/economics , Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence , Government Agencies/organization & administration , Health Care Surveys , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , International Cooperation , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Personnel Management , Politics , Program Evaluation , Public Health Administration/economics , Public Health Administration/legislation & jurisprudence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Health , World Health Organization
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 17(7): 1849-1856, jul. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-645583

ABSTRACT

O artigo aborda a temática do financiamento e o processo de descentralização tendo como objetivo examinar a composição, a direção e a gestão dos recursos na área da saúde. A amostra investigada foi constituída por 14 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A pesquisa envolveu coleta de dados referente às transferências, recursos próprios municipais e gastos com atenção básica. Na análise da gestão foi realizado um levantamento junto aos dirigentes locais e conselheiros. Observa-se que o financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde se faz às expensas das transferências federais e receitas municipais, com pequena participação dos recursos estaduais. A direção dos gastos tem privilegiado a atenção básica. No processo de gestão, verifica-se centralização das ações nas prefeituras. As secretarias municipais e os conselhos cumprem em parte a legislação e apresentam dificuldades na autonomia e o controle social. Os resultados mostram que os instrumentos de planejamento e gestão são limitados em função das contradições presentes no contexto institucional, político e cultural no âmbito regional.


This article investigates the issue of funding and the decentralization process in order to examine the composition, application and management of resources in the healthcare area. The sample surveyed involved 14 municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The research involved data gathering of financial transfers, the municipality's own resources and primary healthcare expenses. Management analysis included a survey of local managers and counselors. It was seen that the Unified Health System is funded mainly by federal transfers and municipal revenues and to a far lesser extent by state resources. Funds have been applied predominantly in primary healthcare. The management process saw centralization of actions in the city governments. Municipal secretarial offices and councils comply partially with legislation, though they have problems with autonomy and social control. The results show that planning and management instruments are limited, due to the contradictions inherent to the institutional, political and cultural context of the region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Financing, Government , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/organization & administration , Public Health/economics , Brazil
17.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(5): 394-404, sept.-oct. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625725

ABSTRACT

The benefit of early breast cancer detection is the foundation for programs around the globe to reduce morbidity and mortality related to breast cancer. These programs range from educational programs targeted to women and health professionals to organized or opportunistic screening programs that target specific age groups of women.Modern mammography programs tend to follow the protocols from the randomized clinical trials, but there is variation in key program elements such as the age groups invited to screening, the screening interval, performance indicators, and the uptake rate. Until recently, the emphasis on early breast cancer detection was limited to mammography, but the steady rise in incidence and mortality in low and medium resource countries, where mammography may be unaffordable, has led to a renewal in emphasizing the incremental value of downsizing palpable tumors through physical exams. There is consensus that programs should be designed based on disease burden and available resources, but that even in low resource countries there are opportunities to reduce breast deaths through earlier diagnosis and effective treatment. Screening programs are most effective when they are organized, and program planners should consider WHO criteria and local input data as a basis for tailoring screening programs to the needs of their population.


El beneficio de la detección temprana del cáncer de mama es el fundamento para programas alrededor del mundo que buscan reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionada con este padecimiento. Estos programas abarcan desde los de tipo educativo, orientados a mujeres y profesionales de la salud, hasta programas de monitoreo organizados u oportunistas que tienen como objetivo grupos específicos de edad. Los programas modernos de mastografía tienden a seguir protocolos para estudios clínicos aleatorios,pero hay una variación en elementos clave como los grupos de edad invitados a participar, el intervalo para el monitoreo, indicadores de desempeño, y la tasa de captación. Hasta hace poco, el énfasis en la detección temprana del cáncer estaba limitado a la mastografía, pero el incrementoen la incidencia ymortalidad en países de recursos bajos a medios, donde las mastografías no son asequibles, ha llevado a un renovado énfasis en el valor de los exámenes físicos. Existe un consenso en cuanto a que los programas deben estar diseñados basándose en la carga de la enfermedad y los recursos disponibles, pero incluso los países con recursos más limitados tienen oportunidades para reducir las muertes de cáncer de mama a través de un diagnóstico oportuno y un tratamiento eficaz. Los programas de detección son más eficaces cuando están organizados, y los planeadores del programa deben considerar los criterios de la OMS y la información local como bases para ajustarlos a las necesidades de la población.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , International Cooperation , Mass Screening/organization & administration , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Developing Countries , Early Diagnosis , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand , Incidence , Mammography/adverse effects , Mammography/economics , Mammography/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/economics , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Palpation , Resource Allocation , Global Health
18.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(1): 241-257, jan. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-569044

ABSTRACT

Este estudo examina a participação federal no financiamento da saúde no Brasil, no período de 1995 a 2004, a partir das iniciativas institucionais de vinculação e indexação de recursos, levando em consideração o ajuste macroeconômico praticado no período e a influência do papel das instituições na proteção do fluxo financeiro. Examina-se a eficiência dos mecanismos institucionais adotados com o propósito de garantir a regularidade e a ampliação do fluxo de meios, analisando-se o desempenho da Contribuição Provisória sobre a Movimentação Financeira (CPMF) e da Emenda Constitucional nº 29 (EC 29), iniciativas que vêm tendo seus efeitos questionados em termos de ampliação de valores. Demonstra-se o impacto alocativo de tais medidas a partir da análise estatística do emprego em saúde dos recursos da CPMF em relação a sua arrecadação e dos efeitos das medidas de indexação de recursos da União, via EC 29, por meio da comparação do aporte federal em saúde antes e após a sua aplicação.


The aim of this study is to discuss the Brazilian Federal participation in the financing health sector from 1995 to 2004, having the basis the resources of the institutional initiatives related to the indexation of expenses, considering the macroeconomic adjustment practiced in that period and the institutions role to protect the cash flow. Examining the performances of the institutional mechanism actually adopted with the purpose of guarantee the flow regularity and extension of the values, by the analisys of the Temporary Contribution on the Financial Movement (TCFM) and the Constitutional Amendment Number 29 (CA 29) whose initiatives has their efficiency questioned. It demonstrates the impact of the destination of such measures from the statistics analysis of the use of the resources of the TCFM regarding its levies and the indexation of Union resources effects measures from the CA 29 before and after the application of its determinations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Resources/economics , Brazil , Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Resources/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Security , Time Factors
19.
Rev. saúde pública ; 44(4): 620-628, ago. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554527

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a racionalidade das ações judiciais e pedidos administrativos recebidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo segundo evidências científicas de eficácia e segurança. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, transversal, baseado em informações da Secretaria de Saúde sobre os medicamentos antineoplásicos solicitados por via judicial, com maior impacto financeiro para o Sistema Único de Saúde em 2006 e 2007. Os fármacos foram avaliados quanto às evidências clínicas de eficácia e segurança, com base na classificação do Micromedex®, em metanálises e revisões sistemáticas. As indicações foram confrontadas com aquelas aprovadas em agências reguladoras. RESULTADOS: Os medicamentos bevacizumabe, capecitabina, cetuximabe, erlotinibe, rituximabe, imatinibe e temozolomida geraram gastos superiores a R$ 40 milhões para atender 1.220 solicitações, com custo médio de R$ 33,5 mil por paciente. Os estudos selecionados não recomendam parte das indicações dos medicamentos prescritos. Cerca de 17 por cento dos pedidos não tinham evidência para a indicação mencionada no pleito, o que equivale a um gasto inadequado de, no mínimo, R$ 6,8 milhões...


OBJECTIVE: To assess the rationality of legal suits and administrative requests requiring anticancer drugs filed against and submitted to the São Paulo State Department of Health, in view of scientific evidence on efficacy and safety. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out based on information on lawsuits filed by cancer patients requiring anticancer drugs were furnished by the Department of Health. These drugs are among those having the greatest financial impact on the Brazilian Health System in 2006 and 2007. The drugs were assessed according to clinical evidence on efficacy and safety, based on Micromedex® categorization, on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Indications present in the legal documentation were compared to the indications approved by regulatory agencies. RESULTS: Bevacizumab, capecitabine, cetuximab, erlotinib, rituximab, imatinib, and temozolomide accounted for expenses over R$ 40 million to meet 1220 requests and lawsuits, at an average cost of R$ 33,500 per patient. Selected studies do not recommend all the indications for the prescribed drugs. Approximately 17 percent of requests and lawsuits did not provide evidence for the required indication, and these amounted to inappropriate expenses of, at least, R$ 6.8 million...


OBJETIVO: Evaluar la racionalidad de las acciones judiciales y pedidos administrativos recibidos por la Secretaria Estatal de Salud de Sao Paulo según evidencias científicas de eficacia y seguridad. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal basado en informaciones de la Secretaria sobre los medicamentos antineoplásicos solicitados por vía judicial, con mayor impacto financiero para el Sistema Único de Salud en 2006 y 2007. Los fármacos fueron evaluados considerando las evidencias clínicas de eficacia y seguridad, con base en la clasificación de Micromedx®, metanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas. Las indicaciones fueron confrontadas con las aprobadas en agencias reguladoras. RESULTADOS: Los medicamentos bevacizumabe, capecitabina, cetuximabe, erlotinibe, rituximabe, imatinibe y temozolomida generaron gastos superiores a R$ 40 millones para atender 1.220 solicitudes, con costo promedio de R$ 33,5 mil por paciente. Los estudios seleccionados no recomiendan parte de las indicaciones de los medicamentos prescritos. Cerca de 17 por ciento de los pedidos no tenían evidencia para la indicación mencionada en el pleito, lo que equivale a un gasto inadecuado de, mínimo, R$ 6,8 millones...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/economics , Liability, Legal/economics , Antineoplastic Agents/supply & distribution , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Evidence-Based Medicine , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmaceutical Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmaceutical Services/standards
20.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 903-912, 2010.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-107727

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine whether the level of classification for long-term care service under long-term care insurance reflects resource utilization level for residents in nursing homes. METHODS: From 2 long-term care facilities, the researchers selected 95 participants and identified description and time of care services provided by nurses, certified caregivers, physical therapists and social workers during a 24-hr-period. RESULTS: Resource utilization level was: 281.04 for level 1, 301.05 for level 2 and 270.87 for level 3. Resource utilization was not correlated with level. Differences in resource utilization within the same level were similar with the coefficient of variance, 22.7-27.1%. Physical function was the most influential factor on long-term care scores (r=.88, p<.001). The level for long-term care service did not reflect differences in resource utilization level of residents on long-term care insurance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that present grading for long-term care service needs to be reconsidered. Further study is needed to adjust the long-term care classification system to reflect the level of resource utilization for care recipients on the long-term care insurance.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Health Resources/economics , Insurance, Long-Term Care/economics , Long-Term Care/classification , Nursing Homes , Resource Allocation , Time Factors
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